About Drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: δρᾶμα, drama), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: δράω, drao). The enactment of drama in theatre, performed by actors on a stage before an audience, presupposes collaborative modes of production and a collective form of reception. The structure of dramatic texts, unlike other forms of literature, is directly influenced by this collaborative production and collective reception.[2] The early modern tragedy Hamlet (1601) by Shakespeare and the classical Athenian tragedy Oedipus the King (c. 429 BCE) by Sophocles are among the masterpieces of the art of drama. A modern example is Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill (1956).
Intrinsic Elements of Drama
Intrinsic elements of drama are structural elements which are in drama itself. There are eight elements that in drama. They are plot, message, language, dialog, setting, technical Instructions, theme and character. Here, I will explain each of the elements.
1.Plot
Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows arrangement of events and actions within a story. Here a some component that exists in plot ;
Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts
Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax
Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action
Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax
Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads
2.Message
According to Akhmad Saliman (1996 : 67) message is everything which wants to be delivered by the composer/writer and be delivered directly or indirectly to the audiences/viewers.
Message in drama has two kinds ; written (explisit) message and unwritten (implisit) message. Generally, message is intentionally hidden by the writer of the drama. Only an expert audience who can find the unwritten message (implicit).
3.Language
According to Akhmad Salim (1996 : 68), language which is used in drama is chosen intentionally depend on the function of the language.
Every drama writer has their own style in choosing words as their medium to express their mind and feeling. Language is dealing with words choosing and writing style.
Generally, language which is chosen by author is a simple language (communicative). For instance, a language which is usually used in daily activities, or educatif language.
The used language is chosen in order to make the story of drama interesting and make the dialog more communicative. In order that making a interesting drama, writer often does not care about the rules of standard language.
4.Dialog
the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction. Some of the characters have their own style to say in dialog depend on their character in the story.
5.Setting
The setting of a literary work is the time and place of the action.
The setting includes all the details of a place and time – the year, the time of day, even the weather.
The place may be a specific country, state, region, community, neighborhood, building, institution, or home.
The setting of a story often helps to create a particular mood, or feeling.
6.Technical instruction
Technical instruction is a limitation that is intentionally included by a drama writer as the interpret guidance for everyone which wants to perform this.
Technical instruction in the drama’s manuscript can be a list of explanation about the scenes, profile of character in story, setting, setting of light, setting of music, setting of stage and properties that must be prepared
7.Theme
The theme of a literary work is its central message, concern, or purpose. A theme can usually be expressed as a generalization, or general statement, about people or life. The theme may be stated directly by the writer although it is more often presented indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader must figure out the theme by looking carefully at what the work reveals about the people or about life.
8.Character
Character plays a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kinds of narratives. Character reflects the personality of the protagonist and other related characters. The method of conveying information about characters in art is called characterization. Characters can be fictional or based on real, historical entities. It can be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal or personifications of an abstraction.
About Prose
Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry). The English word "prose" is derived from the Latin prōsa, which literally translates as "pooey rose". While there are critical debates on the construction of prose, its simplicity and loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is commonly used, for example, in literature, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, broadcasting, film, history, philosophy, law and many other forms of communication.
Intrinsic elements of prose
The intrinsic elements of prose are theme, plot, setting, character, point of view and value. Here is the explanation of those elements ;
a.Theme
The theme of a literary work is its central message, concern, or purpose. A theme can usually be expressed as a generalization, or general statement, about people or life. The theme may be stated directly by the writer although it is more often presented indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader must figure out the theme by looking carefully the work reveals about the people or about life.
b.Plot
Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows arrangement of events and actions within a story. Here a some component that exists in plot ;
Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts
Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax
Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action
Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax
Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads
c.Setting
The setting of a literary work is the time and place of the action.
The setting includes all the details of a place and time – the year, the time of day, even the weather.
The place may be a specific country, state, region, community, neighborhood, building, institution, or home.
The setting of a story often helps to create a particular mood, or feeling.
d.Character
Character plays a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kinds of narratives. Character reflects the personality of the protagonist and other related characters. The method of conveying information about characters in art is called characterization. Characters can be fictional or based on real, historical entities. It can be human, supernatural, mythical, divine, animal or personifications of an abstraction.
e.Point of View
Point of View is the perspective from which a story is told. It is the relationship of the narrator to the story. Commonly, there are just two kinds of point of view. They are ;
a.First-person is told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun “I”.
b.Third-person limited point of view is the point of view where the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to refer to the characters.
f.Value/Message
According to Akhmad Saliman (1996 : 67) message is everything which wants to be delivered by the composer/writer and be delivered directly or indirectly to the audiences/viewers.
Message in drama has two kinds ; written (explisit) message and unwritten (implisit) message. Generally, message is intentionally hidden by the writer of the drama. Only an expert audience who can find the unwritten message (implicit).
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://id.shvoong.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
***Thank You***
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